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Wednesday, July 4, 2007
Food Videos - Street Food Videos
Grow Your Own Herbs
Nothing beats the flavor of fresh herbs added to your cooking. But if you’ve been to the supermarket lately, you’ve seen the prices – as much $5 for a small pack of herbs! – way out of the question if you’re a poor secretary trying to cut down on the food budget. For the same price, you can purchase a small plant that will provide you with the same fresh herbs year round.
Don’t worry – you don’t need a green thumb to grown your own herbs. All you need is a sunny spot, some water and a little tender, loving care. If you have garden space, you can grow herbs outdoors seasonally and dry the leftovers to keep throughout the winter. Or, if you have a small windowsill or sunny place in your home, you can grow herbs indoors in containers.
The first step is to pick the herbs you’d like to grow. I like to grow basil and oregano for Italian recipes and cilantro for Mexican dishes. And while I do have a garden outdoors during the summer, I grow a small container of each of these herbs inside so that I have fresh herbs available any time. Once you’ve identified your herbs, search online for their growth habits. A plant that grows three feet tall probably isn’t suited to an indoor container, and a plant that requires full sun to grow will likely do better outdoors (unless you have an extremely sunny window)
To grow herbs outdoors, begin preparing the soil in early spring. Use a shovel to break up and remove grass clumps from your garden area. Consider taking a sample of your soil to your county’s agricultural extension service – most offer free soil testing services early in the spring. They can recommend the best additives for your soil – like peat moss or compost. Wait until all danger of frost has passed in your area (check the internet for your “frost free date”) before planting herbs outdoors.
Growing herbs indoors requires much less physical preparation. Buy a pot and a bag of commercially prepared potting mix and you’re ready to go. Your safest bet, in either case, is to purchase herb plants from a garden store when they’ve already grown a little (approximately 3-7” tall). You can start herbs from seed as well, but some herbs are picky about the amount of sunlight and moisture they need to germinate. Unless you’re able to closely monitor these conditions from the start, an established plant will be less hassle in the long run.
Immediately water your herbs after transplanting to help their roots adapt to the new environment. If you’ve planted your herbs outdoors, water when necessary and keep the area free of weeds. Potted indoor plants need a regular watering whenever the soil feels dry or the leaves start to wilt and may need a little extra fertilizer since repeated waterings will leach nutrients from the soil. They also need to be rotated regularly – otherwise they’ll begin to grow towards the light source, and may eventually tip over. If you start to have trouble with plant diseases or pests, search the internet for remedies or purchase a general gardening book from a used book store – there’s tons of great information out there to help get you started with the fun and rewarding activity of growing your own fresh herbs.
Don’t worry – you don’t need a green thumb to grown your own herbs. All you need is a sunny spot, some water and a little tender, loving care. If you have garden space, you can grow herbs outdoors seasonally and dry the leftovers to keep throughout the winter. Or, if you have a small windowsill or sunny place in your home, you can grow herbs indoors in containers.
The first step is to pick the herbs you’d like to grow. I like to grow basil and oregano for Italian recipes and cilantro for Mexican dishes. And while I do have a garden outdoors during the summer, I grow a small container of each of these herbs inside so that I have fresh herbs available any time. Once you’ve identified your herbs, search online for their growth habits. A plant that grows three feet tall probably isn’t suited to an indoor container, and a plant that requires full sun to grow will likely do better outdoors (unless you have an extremely sunny window)
To grow herbs outdoors, begin preparing the soil in early spring. Use a shovel to break up and remove grass clumps from your garden area. Consider taking a sample of your soil to your county’s agricultural extension service – most offer free soil testing services early in the spring. They can recommend the best additives for your soil – like peat moss or compost. Wait until all danger of frost has passed in your area (check the internet for your “frost free date”) before planting herbs outdoors.
Growing herbs indoors requires much less physical preparation. Buy a pot and a bag of commercially prepared potting mix and you’re ready to go. Your safest bet, in either case, is to purchase herb plants from a garden store when they’ve already grown a little (approximately 3-7” tall). You can start herbs from seed as well, but some herbs are picky about the amount of sunlight and moisture they need to germinate. Unless you’re able to closely monitor these conditions from the start, an established plant will be less hassle in the long run.
Immediately water your herbs after transplanting to help their roots adapt to the new environment. If you’ve planted your herbs outdoors, water when necessary and keep the area free of weeds. Potted indoor plants need a regular watering whenever the soil feels dry or the leaves start to wilt and may need a little extra fertilizer since repeated waterings will leach nutrients from the soil. They also need to be rotated regularly – otherwise they’ll begin to grow towards the light source, and may eventually tip over. If you start to have trouble with plant diseases or pests, search the internet for remedies or purchase a general gardening book from a used book store – there’s tons of great information out there to help get you started with the fun and rewarding activity of growing your own fresh herbs.
Furnish Your Home on a Budget
Let’s face it – you need furniture. Sure, you can cut corners by going Japanese and using your coffee table as the dining table, or by transforming your living room into a Middle Eastern pillow lounge. But in the end, you’ll need at least a few basic pieces of furniture, even for the most spartan of living conditions. Don’t worry – saving money on your furniture is easy and doesn't mean sacrificing the quality of the product. Just follow some of these easy guidelines.
Look for furniture on sale
This might seem a little obvious, but if you really put the effort into sniffing out the best sales, you could save a bundle on furniture. More often than not, the best deals on furniture come every January and July. And if you’re looking for outdoor furniture, August is best.
o check back at the end of every month. The majority of the furniture companies function on monthly basis – computing their sales, releasing their promotions and introducing new furniture. There may be certain items that won't be offered the following month, so these lines of products may be offered at a very low price. And since most of the furniture companies pay sales people on commission, they’ll be a little more desperate to make the sale when the month is running out.
Apply for the credit card being offered by the furniture shop
This is a tricky one. You can get a great deal on your furniture purchase with the retailer’s in-store credit cards. Depending on the store and the sale, you may be able to reduce or eliminate your interest payments and sales tax, or you may be offered a special discount available only to cardholders. All you have to do is apply for this credit card and you can get discounts on anything you want.
But be careful when using this strategy. The temptation is to spend beyond your means just because you have the available credit. Read the fine print of the terms and conditions carefully. If you’re confident you can pay off your bill in the allotted time, then you’ll be fine. If not, be careful – interest rates after your introductory period may jump as high as $25%!
Search online
If you’ve seen a certain piece of furniture you like in a store near you or in your favorite magazine, check the internet for a better price. Get as much information about the manufacturer and the piece name and Google it – you may be able to find some deep discounts. But don’t forget to check the shipping rates and taxes that may be applied to your purchase or you might not be saving as much as you think.
Buy used furniture
Buying second-hand is great because it saves you money and reuses materials that might otherwise wind up in the landfill. Check your telephone book for local thrift shops, reuse centers or charity shops. Be creative! If you find a nice sturdy couch you love, but the fabric’s worn thin, you can have it reupholstered or covered in new slipcovers.
If you live near a college town (especially a wealthy college town), you’re in luck. Watch the thrift stores extra closely each spring around move-out time – you’ll be amazed at the things students will leave behind. Better yet, if you know someone who will be moving soon, offer to take that old piece of furniture off their hands. They may be so excited not to have to deal with moving it themselves that you’ll get a great price, or even a free piece of furniture. Before you know it, you’ll be on your way to your very own, fully furnished home.
Look for furniture on sale
This might seem a little obvious, but if you really put the effort into sniffing out the best sales, you could save a bundle on furniture. More often than not, the best deals on furniture come every January and July. And if you’re looking for outdoor furniture, August is best.
o check back at the end of every month. The majority of the furniture companies function on monthly basis – computing their sales, releasing their promotions and introducing new furniture. There may be certain items that won't be offered the following month, so these lines of products may be offered at a very low price. And since most of the furniture companies pay sales people on commission, they’ll be a little more desperate to make the sale when the month is running out.
Apply for the credit card being offered by the furniture shop
This is a tricky one. You can get a great deal on your furniture purchase with the retailer’s in-store credit cards. Depending on the store and the sale, you may be able to reduce or eliminate your interest payments and sales tax, or you may be offered a special discount available only to cardholders. All you have to do is apply for this credit card and you can get discounts on anything you want.
But be careful when using this strategy. The temptation is to spend beyond your means just because you have the available credit. Read the fine print of the terms and conditions carefully. If you’re confident you can pay off your bill in the allotted time, then you’ll be fine. If not, be careful – interest rates after your introductory period may jump as high as $25%!
Search online
If you’ve seen a certain piece of furniture you like in a store near you or in your favorite magazine, check the internet for a better price. Get as much information about the manufacturer and the piece name and Google it – you may be able to find some deep discounts. But don’t forget to check the shipping rates and taxes that may be applied to your purchase or you might not be saving as much as you think.
Buy used furniture
Buying second-hand is great because it saves you money and reuses materials that might otherwise wind up in the landfill. Check your telephone book for local thrift shops, reuse centers or charity shops. Be creative! If you find a nice sturdy couch you love, but the fabric’s worn thin, you can have it reupholstered or covered in new slipcovers.
If you live near a college town (especially a wealthy college town), you’re in luck. Watch the thrift stores extra closely each spring around move-out time – you’ll be amazed at the things students will leave behind. Better yet, if you know someone who will be moving soon, offer to take that old piece of furniture off their hands. They may be so excited not to have to deal with moving it themselves that you’ll get a great price, or even a free piece of furniture. Before you know it, you’ll be on your way to your very own, fully furnished home.
Article Directory: http://www.articlecube.com
Sarah Russell, aka "The Sexy Secretary," is a connoisseur of living the good life on a budget. Check out her website at www.thesexysecretary.com for more fabulous ideas on how to trim down your expenses without reducing your quality of life.
The History of Computers
"Who invented the computer?" is not a question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention. This series covers many of the major milestones in computer history (but not all of them) with a concentration on the history of personal home computers.
| Computer History Year/Enter | Computer History Inventors/Inventions | Computer History Description of Event |
| | Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer | First freely programmable computer. |
| | John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry ABC Computer | Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC. |
| | Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I Computer | The Harvard Mark 1 computer. |
| | John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly ENIAC 1 Computer | 20,000 vacuum tubes later... |
| | Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube | Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories. |
| | John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley The Transistor | No, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers. |
| | John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly UNIVAC Computer | First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners. |
| | International Business Machines IBM 701 EDPM Computer | IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'. |
| | John Backus & IBM FORTRAN Computer Programming Language | The first successful high level programming language. |
| Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General Electric ERMA and MICR | The first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks. | |
| | Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce The Integrated Circuit | Otherwise known as 'The Chip' |
| | Steve Russell & MIT Spacewar Computer Game | The first computer game invented. |
| | Douglas Engelbart Computer Mouse & Windows | Nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end. |
| | ARPAnet | The original Internet. |
| | Intel 1103 Computer Memory | The world's first available dynamic RAM chip. |
| | Faggin, Hoff & Mazor Intel 4004 Computer Microprocessor | The first microprocessor. |
| | Alan Shugart &IBM The "Floppy" Disk | Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility. |
| | Robert Metcalfe & Xerox The Ethernet Computer Networking | Networking. |
| | Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers | The first consumer computers. |
| | Apple I, II & TRS-80 & Commodore Pet Computers | More first consumer computers. |
| | Dan Bricklin & Bob Frankston VisiCalc Spreadsheet Software | Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner. |
| | Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby WordStar Software | Word Processors. |
| | IBM The IBM PC - Home Computer | From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution |
| | Microsoft MS-DOS Computer Operating System | From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century. |
| | Apple Lisa Computer | The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface. |
| | Apple Macintosh Computer | The more affordable home computer with a GUI. |
| | Microsoft Windows | Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple. |
| | | |
all artwork ©Mary Bellis ©army photos
The Invention of Television
From Mary Bellis,
Your Guide to Inventors.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
Timeline
Television was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people working together and alone over the years, contributed to the evolution of television.
1831-1900 1901-1927 1928-1950 1951-present
1831
Joseph Henry's and Michael Faraday's work with electromagnetism jumpstarts the era of electronic communication.
1862 First Still Image Transferred
Abbe Giovanna Caselli invents his Pantelegraph and becomes the first person to transmit a still image over wires.
1873
Scientists May and Smith experiment with selenium and light, this reveals the possibilty for inventors to transform images into electronic signals.
1876
Boston civil servant George Carey was thinking about complete television systems and in 1877 he put forward drawings for what he called a selenium camera that would allow people to see by electricity.
Eugen Goldstein coins the term "cathode rays" to describe the light emitted when an electric current was forced through a vacuum tube.
Late 1870s
Scientists and engineers like Paiva, Figuier, and Senlecq were suggesting alternative designs for Telectroscopes.
1880
Inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison theorize about telephone devices that transmit image as well as sound.
Bell's Photophone used light to transmit sound and he wanted to advance his device for image sending.
George Carey builds a rudimentary system with light-sensitive cells.
Sponsored Links
Exclusive Kokoda TrekWalk the track with Paralympian and Adventurer Michael Miltonwww.kokodaspirit.com
75 Hotels in Paros - CRCFinest choice of accommodations The specialist for Cyclades/Paroswww.visit-cyclades.com
Broadcast EventsInternational Calendar Broadcast & Media Technologywww.theiabm.org
1881
Sheldon Bidwell experiments with his Telephotography that was similiar to Bell's Photophone.
1884 18 Lines of Resolution
Paul Nipkow sends images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology calling it the electric telescope with 18 lines of resolution.
1900 And We Called It Television
At the World's Fair in Paris, the first International Congress of Electricity was held. That is where Russian Constantin Perskyi made the first known use of the word "television."
1
2
3
4
Next
Important disclaimer information about this About site.
History of Television
History of TelevisionBooks on the History of Television
Shopping for a Television? - Compare Prices
Televisions
Related Articles
Timeline TelevisionJohn Logie Baird - Mechanical Television SystemThe Television System of Paul NipkowTelevision HistoryKangaroo TV Formula 1 Race Console - Kangaroo TV Specta...
Sponsored Links
InventorsAre You an Inventor? Find Invention Resources & Help Online Here.www.InventionGuide.net
British Prime MinistersSearch our databases for histories of past Prime Ministerswww.burkes-peerage.net
Christian History ArchiveExplore the first 2,000 years of the Christian church. Read here.ChristianHistory.net
HairMax LaserComb"Invention of the year" Works for both men and womenwww.maxnature.com/hala.html
Invention InformationInvention & Patent Information. Easy to understand. Easy to find.www.Legal-Definitions.com
Your Guide to Inventors.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
Timeline
Television was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people working together and alone over the years, contributed to the evolution of television.
1831-1900 1901-1927 1928-1950 1951-present
1831
Joseph Henry's and Michael Faraday's work with electromagnetism jumpstarts the era of electronic communication.
1862 First Still Image Transferred
Abbe Giovanna Caselli invents his Pantelegraph and becomes the first person to transmit a still image over wires.
1873
Scientists May and Smith experiment with selenium and light, this reveals the possibilty for inventors to transform images into electronic signals.
1876
Boston civil servant George Carey was thinking about complete television systems and in 1877 he put forward drawings for what he called a selenium camera that would allow people to see by electricity.
Eugen Goldstein coins the term "cathode rays" to describe the light emitted when an electric current was forced through a vacuum tube.
Late 1870s
Scientists and engineers like Paiva, Figuier, and Senlecq were suggesting alternative designs for Telectroscopes.
1880
Inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison theorize about telephone devices that transmit image as well as sound.
Bell's Photophone used light to transmit sound and he wanted to advance his device for image sending.
George Carey builds a rudimentary system with light-sensitive cells.
Sponsored Links
Exclusive Kokoda TrekWalk the track with Paralympian and Adventurer Michael Miltonwww.kokodaspirit.com
75 Hotels in Paros - CRCFinest choice of accommodations The specialist for Cyclades/Paroswww.visit-cyclades.com
Broadcast EventsInternational Calendar Broadcast & Media Technologywww.theiabm.org
1881
Sheldon Bidwell experiments with his Telephotography that was similiar to Bell's Photophone.
1884 18 Lines of Resolution
Paul Nipkow sends images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology calling it the electric telescope with 18 lines of resolution.
1900 And We Called It Television
At the World's Fair in Paris, the first International Congress of Electricity was held. That is where Russian Constantin Perskyi made the first known use of the word "television."
1
2
3
4
Next
Important disclaimer information about this About site.
History of Television
History of TelevisionBooks on the History of Television
Shopping for a Television? - Compare Prices
Televisions
Related Articles
Timeline TelevisionJohn Logie Baird - Mechanical Television SystemThe Television System of Paul NipkowTelevision HistoryKangaroo TV Formula 1 Race Console - Kangaroo TV Specta...
Sponsored Links
InventorsAre You an Inventor? Find Invention Resources & Help Online Here.www.InventionGuide.net
British Prime MinistersSearch our databases for histories of past Prime Ministerswww.burkes-peerage.net
Christian History ArchiveExplore the first 2,000 years of the Christian church. Read here.ChristianHistory.net
HairMax LaserComb"Invention of the year" Works for both men and womenwww.maxnature.com/hala.html
Invention InformationInvention & Patent Information. Easy to understand. Easy to find.www.Legal-Definitions.com
The Cotton Gin and Eli Whitney
From Mary Bellis,
Your Guide to Inventors.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
Eli Whitney 1765 - 1825
Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton. Whitney was born in Westboro, Massachusetts on December 8, 1765 and died on January 8, 1825. He graduated from Yale College in 1792. By April 1793, Whitney had designed and constructed the cotton gin, a machine that automated the separation of cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber.
Advantages of Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States. Prior to his invention, farming cotton required hundreds of man-hours to separate the cottonseed from the raw cotton fibers. Simple seed-removing devices have been around for centuries, however, Eli Whitney's invention automated the seed separation process. His machine could generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states.
Eli Whitney Business Woes
Eli Whitney failed to profit from his invention because imitations of his machine appeared and his 1794 patent for the cotton gin could not be upheld in court until 1807.
Sponsored Links
Cotton BalerGreat China Deals on Balers Static & Portable Compactors!www.hhyyjx.com
Rope By The Foot.Manila, Nylon, Polypro, Cotton. Cut to length. Call Us 877-744-4461WebRiggingSupply.com
Cotton Dust SamplersOSHA regulations state the Lumsden- Lynch elutriator must be used.www.NewStarEnvironmental.com
Whitney could not stop others from copying and selling his cotton gin design.
Eli Whitney and his business partner Phineas Miller had decided to get into the ginning business themselves. They manufactured as many cotton gins as possible and installed them throughout Georgia and the southern states. They charged farmers an unusual fee for doing the ginning for them, two-fifths of the profits paid in cotton itself.
Copies of the Cotton Gin
And here, all their troubles began. Farmers throughout Georgia resented having to go to Eli Whitney's cotton gins where they had to pay what they regarded as an exorbitant tax. Instead planters began making their own versions of Eli Whitney's gin and claiming they were "new" inventions. Phineas Miller brought costly suits against the owners of these pirated versions but because of a loophole in the wording of the 1793 patent act, they were unable to win any suits until 1800, when the law was changed.
Struggling to make a profit and mired in legal battles, the partners finally agreed to license gins at a reasonable price. In 1802, South Carolina agreed to purchase Eli Whitney's patent right for $50,000 but delayed in paying it. The partners also arranged to sell the patent rights to North Carolina and Tennessee. By the time even the Georgia courts recognized the wrongs done to Eli Whitney, only one year of his patent remained. In 1808 and again in 1812 he humbly petitioned Congress for a renewal of his patent.
Eli Whitney - Other inventions
In 1798, Eli Whitney invented a way to manufacture muskets by machine so that the parts were interchangeable. Ironically, it was as a manufacturer of muskets that Whitney finally became rich.
Continue > Background on the Cotton Gin: What It Does, How It Works
1
2
Next
Important disclaimer information about this About site.
Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin PatentEarly History of CottonEli Whitney and Firearms
Suggested Reading
History of Farming & Agriculture Portrait of Eli WhitneyModel of Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin
Elsewhere on the Web
The Eli Whitney Museum
W Start Inventors
Starting With WCraven WalkerHildreth "Hal" WalkerMadame WalkerMary Walton
Sponsored Links
Used Cotton PickersJohn Deere & Case-Various Models Good Looking, Competitive Pricingwww.used-cotton-pickers.com
Cotton HouseFind Deals, Read Reviews from Real People. Get the Truth. Then Go.www.TripAdvisor.com
SIR Webbing Inc.We provide nylon, polypropylene cotton, polyester webbing, etcwww.sirwebbing.com
Belstaff UK distributorBelstaff Pure Motorcycle Collection Contact us for nearest retailerwww.dpc-distribution.com
Organic CottonEveryday advice & tips on organic products and earth-friendly living!www.ivillage.com/green
Managing Your Finances
Too Much Debt? Improve Your Credit Good Debt vs. Bad Debt No Credit? No ProblemUnderstand Your Credit Score
What's Hot
Automatic Teller Machines George EastmanGhost DetectorsThe History of SonarForrest Bird
All Topics | Email Article | Print this Page | |
Your Guide to Inventors.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
Eli Whitney 1765 - 1825
Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton. Whitney was born in Westboro, Massachusetts on December 8, 1765 and died on January 8, 1825. He graduated from Yale College in 1792. By April 1793, Whitney had designed and constructed the cotton gin, a machine that automated the separation of cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber.
Advantages of Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States. Prior to his invention, farming cotton required hundreds of man-hours to separate the cottonseed from the raw cotton fibers. Simple seed-removing devices have been around for centuries, however, Eli Whitney's invention automated the seed separation process. His machine could generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states.
Eli Whitney Business Woes
Eli Whitney failed to profit from his invention because imitations of his machine appeared and his 1794 patent for the cotton gin could not be upheld in court until 1807.
Sponsored Links
Cotton BalerGreat China Deals on Balers Static & Portable Compactors!www.hhyyjx.com
Rope By The Foot.Manila, Nylon, Polypro, Cotton. Cut to length. Call Us 877-744-4461WebRiggingSupply.com
Cotton Dust SamplersOSHA regulations state the Lumsden- Lynch elutriator must be used.www.NewStarEnvironmental.com
Whitney could not stop others from copying and selling his cotton gin design.
Eli Whitney and his business partner Phineas Miller had decided to get into the ginning business themselves. They manufactured as many cotton gins as possible and installed them throughout Georgia and the southern states. They charged farmers an unusual fee for doing the ginning for them, two-fifths of the profits paid in cotton itself.
Copies of the Cotton Gin
And here, all their troubles began. Farmers throughout Georgia resented having to go to Eli Whitney's cotton gins where they had to pay what they regarded as an exorbitant tax. Instead planters began making their own versions of Eli Whitney's gin and claiming they were "new" inventions. Phineas Miller brought costly suits against the owners of these pirated versions but because of a loophole in the wording of the 1793 patent act, they were unable to win any suits until 1800, when the law was changed.
Struggling to make a profit and mired in legal battles, the partners finally agreed to license gins at a reasonable price. In 1802, South Carolina agreed to purchase Eli Whitney's patent right for $50,000 but delayed in paying it. The partners also arranged to sell the patent rights to North Carolina and Tennessee. By the time even the Georgia courts recognized the wrongs done to Eli Whitney, only one year of his patent remained. In 1808 and again in 1812 he humbly petitioned Congress for a renewal of his patent.
Eli Whitney - Other inventions
In 1798, Eli Whitney invented a way to manufacture muskets by machine so that the parts were interchangeable. Ironically, it was as a manufacturer of muskets that Whitney finally became rich.
Continue > Background on the Cotton Gin: What It Does, How It Works
1
2
Next
Important disclaimer information about this About site.
Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin PatentEarly History of CottonEli Whitney and Firearms
Suggested Reading
History of Farming & Agriculture Portrait of Eli WhitneyModel of Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin
Elsewhere on the Web
The Eli Whitney Museum
W Start Inventors
Starting With WCraven WalkerHildreth "Hal" WalkerMadame WalkerMary Walton
Sponsored Links
Used Cotton PickersJohn Deere & Case-Various Models Good Looking, Competitive Pricingwww.used-cotton-pickers.com
Cotton HouseFind Deals, Read Reviews from Real People. Get the Truth. Then Go.www.TripAdvisor.com
SIR Webbing Inc.We provide nylon, polypropylene cotton, polyester webbing, etcwww.sirwebbing.com
Belstaff UK distributorBelstaff Pure Motorcycle Collection Contact us for nearest retailerwww.dpc-distribution.com
Organic CottonEveryday advice & tips on organic products and earth-friendly living!www.ivillage.com/green
Managing Your Finances
Too Much Debt? Improve Your Credit Good Debt vs. Bad Debt No Credit? No ProblemUnderstand Your Credit Score
What's Hot
Automatic Teller Machines George EastmanGhost DetectorsThe History of SonarForrest Bird
All Topics | Email Article | Print this Page | |
History of Photography and the Camera
Part 1: The first photographs
First American Daguerreotype
First American Daguerreotype
More of this Feature
- The History of Photography and the Camera
- Part 2: Improving Films and Prints
History and Timelines
- A Moment in Time - Timeline of Film and Cameras.
- Master Photographers
From Abbott to Winogrand, learn about each master photographer and their impact on the history of photography.
- A History of Photography
From its beginnings till the 1920s - significant people, processes, and history.
- History of Photography
A thumbnail sketch that gives a great overview with links to more in-depth material.
- Still Photography
- George Eastman - The History of Kodak - Photographic Film
George Eastman invented dry, transparent, and flexible, photographic film (rolled photography film) and the Kodak cameras that could use the new film in 1888.
- 35mm Still Camera
The history of the 35mm still camera.
- Digital Camera
The history of the digital camera.
Related Innovations
- The Daguerreotype
- Aerial Photography - Andrew Heafitz
- Motion Picture Inventions
- Xerox Photocopiers, Xerography
- Harold E. "Doc" Edgerton - high-speed stroboscopic photography
Museums
- European House of Photography
- The George Eastman Museum
"Photography" is derived from the Greek words photos ("light") and graphein ("to draw") The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839. It is a method of recording images by the action of light, or related radiation, on a sensitive material.
On a summer day in 1827, it took eight hours for Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to obtain the first fixed image. About the same time a fellow Frenchman, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre was experimenting to find a way to capture an image, but it would take another dozen years before he was able to reduce the exposure time to less than 30 minutes and keep the image from disappearing… ushering in the age of modern photography.
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, inventor of the first practical process of photography, was born near Paris, France on November 18, 1789. A professional scene painter for the opera, Daguerre began experimenting with the effects of light upon translucent paintings in the 1820s. In 1829, he formed a partnership with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to improve the process Niépce had developed to take the first permanent photograph in 1826-1827. Niépce died in 1833.
After several years of experimentation, Daguerre developed a more convenient and effective method of photography, naming it after himself -- the daguerreotype. In 1839, he and Niépce's son sold the rights for the daguerreotype to the French government and published a booklet describing the process.
The daguerreotype gained popularity quickly; by 1850, there were over seventy daguerreotype studios in New York City alone.
Continue With
Part Two: How Different Films and Prints Were Invented
Or
Part Three: Timeline of The Art of Photography
Pinhole Camera and Camera Obscura
Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham), a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages and lived around 1000 on the Gregorian calendar, invented the pinhole camera, and explained why the image was upside down. Around 1600, Della Porta reinvented the pinhole camera. Apparently he was the first European to publish any information on the pinhole camera and is sometimes incorrectly credited with its invention.
The Camera Obscura : Aristotle to Zahn
The camera obscura was the direct forerunner of the camera. The first casual reference [to the Camera Obscura] is by Aristotle (Problems, ca 330 BC), who questions how the sun can make a circular image when it shines through a square hole. Johannes Kepler was the first person to coin the phrase Camera Obscura in 1604, and in 1609, Kepler further suggested the use of a lens to improve the image projected by a Camera Obscura.
Magic Lantern - Slide Projector
The Magic Lantern was the forerunner of the modern slide projector.
Flashlight Powder
Blitzlichtpulver or flashlight powder was invented in Germany in 1887 by Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke. Lycopodium powder (the waxy spores from club moss) was used in early flash powder.
Flashbulbs
The first modern photoflash bulb or flashbulb was invented by Austrian, Paul Vierkotter. Vierkotter used magnesium-coated wire in an evacuated glass globe. Magnesium-coated wire was soon replaced by aluminum foil in oxygen. On September 23, 1930, the first commercially available photoflash bulb was patented by German, Johannes Ostermeier. These flashbulbs were named the Vacublitz. General Electric produded a flashbulb called the Sashalite.
A Flash of Light
Photography in the dark
Photoflash Bulbs
Polaroid or Instant Photos
Polaroid photography was invented by Edwin Herbert Land. Land was the American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for developing and printing photos created instant photography.
Disposable Camera
Fuji introduced the disposable camera in 1986. We call them disposables but the people who make these cameras want you to know that they're committed to recycling the parts, a message they've attempted to convey by calling their products "single-use cameras."
Frederick Charles Luther Wratten (1840-1926)
English inventor and manufacturer, Frederick Wratten founded one of the first photographic supply businesses, Wratten and Wainwright in 1878. Wratten and Wainwright manufactured and sold collodion glass plates and gelatin dry plates.
In 1878, Wratten invented the "noodling process" of silver-bromide gelatin emulsions before washing. In 1906, Wratten with the assistance of Dr. C.E. Kenneth Mees (E.C.K Mees) invented and produced the first panchromatic plates in England. Wratten is best known for the photographic filters that he invented and are still named after him - Wratten Filters. Eastman Kodak purchased his company in 1912.
History Continues With Part Two: Improving Films and Prints
©Mary Bellis
From Mary Bellis,
Your Guide to Inventors.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
Important disclaimer information about this About site.
Related Articles
Timeline - History of Photography - History of the Came...Invention of the Phonograph and the CameraHistory of the Digital CameraThe Development of 35mm PhotographyFamous Inventions and the History Behind Them - P
Sponsored Links
75 Hotels in Paros - CRCFinest choice of accommodations The specialist for Cyclades/Paroswww.visit-cyclades.com
World Of CameraGet Complete Links To Camera And Photography. Absolutely Free!bestphotography.org
British Prime MinistersSearch our databases for histories of past Prime Ministerswww.burkes-peerage.net
Pinhole Photo SuppliesPinhole cameras, books, pinholes, tutorial, gallery, world supplier.pinholeresource.com
History of the ATMExplore the unusual history of the Automated Teller Machine.www.atmmarketplace.com
First American Daguerreotype
First American Daguerreotype
More of this Feature
- The History of Photography and the Camera
- Part 2: Improving Films and Prints
History and Timelines
- A Moment in Time - Timeline of Film and Cameras.
- Master Photographers
From Abbott to Winogrand, learn about each master photographer and their impact on the history of photography.
- A History of Photography
From its beginnings till the 1920s - significant people, processes, and history.
- History of Photography
A thumbnail sketch that gives a great overview with links to more in-depth material.
- Still Photography
- George Eastman - The History of Kodak - Photographic Film
George Eastman invented dry, transparent, and flexible, photographic film (rolled photography film) and the Kodak cameras that could use the new film in 1888.
- 35mm Still Camera
The history of the 35mm still camera.
- Digital Camera
The history of the digital camera.
Related Innovations
- The Daguerreotype
- Aerial Photography - Andrew Heafitz
- Motion Picture Inventions
- Xerox Photocopiers, Xerography
- Harold E. "Doc" Edgerton - high-speed stroboscopic photography
Museums
- European House of Photography
- The George Eastman Museum
"Photography" is derived from the Greek words photos ("light") and graphein ("to draw") The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839. It is a method of recording images by the action of light, or related radiation, on a sensitive material.
On a summer day in 1827, it took eight hours for Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to obtain the first fixed image. About the same time a fellow Frenchman, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre was experimenting to find a way to capture an image, but it would take another dozen years before he was able to reduce the exposure time to less than 30 minutes and keep the image from disappearing… ushering in the age of modern photography.
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, inventor of the first practical process of photography, was born near Paris, France on November 18, 1789. A professional scene painter for the opera, Daguerre began experimenting with the effects of light upon translucent paintings in the 1820s. In 1829, he formed a partnership with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to improve the process Niépce had developed to take the first permanent photograph in 1826-1827. Niépce died in 1833.
After several years of experimentation, Daguerre developed a more convenient and effective method of photography, naming it after himself -- the daguerreotype. In 1839, he and Niépce's son sold the rights for the daguerreotype to the French government and published a booklet describing the process.
The daguerreotype gained popularity quickly; by 1850, there were over seventy daguerreotype studios in New York City alone.
Continue With
Part Two: How Different Films and Prints Were Invented
Or
Part Three: Timeline of The Art of Photography
Pinhole Camera and Camera Obscura
Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham), a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages and lived around 1000 on the Gregorian calendar, invented the pinhole camera, and explained why the image was upside down. Around 1600, Della Porta reinvented the pinhole camera. Apparently he was the first European to publish any information on the pinhole camera and is sometimes incorrectly credited with its invention.
The Camera Obscura : Aristotle to Zahn
The camera obscura was the direct forerunner of the camera. The first casual reference [to the Camera Obscura] is by Aristotle (Problems, ca 330 BC), who questions how the sun can make a circular image when it shines through a square hole. Johannes Kepler was the first person to coin the phrase Camera Obscura in 1604, and in 1609, Kepler further suggested the use of a lens to improve the image projected by a Camera Obscura.
Magic Lantern - Slide Projector
The Magic Lantern was the forerunner of the modern slide projector.
Flashlight Powder
Blitzlichtpulver or flashlight powder was invented in Germany in 1887 by Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke. Lycopodium powder (the waxy spores from club moss) was used in early flash powder.
Flashbulbs
The first modern photoflash bulb or flashbulb was invented by Austrian, Paul Vierkotter. Vierkotter used magnesium-coated wire in an evacuated glass globe. Magnesium-coated wire was soon replaced by aluminum foil in oxygen. On September 23, 1930, the first commercially available photoflash bulb was patented by German, Johannes Ostermeier. These flashbulbs were named the Vacublitz. General Electric produded a flashbulb called the Sashalite.
A Flash of Light
Photography in the dark
Photoflash Bulbs
Polaroid or Instant Photos
Polaroid photography was invented by Edwin Herbert Land. Land was the American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for developing and printing photos created instant photography.
Disposable Camera
Fuji introduced the disposable camera in 1986. We call them disposables but the people who make these cameras want you to know that they're committed to recycling the parts, a message they've attempted to convey by calling their products "single-use cameras."
Frederick Charles Luther Wratten (1840-1926)
English inventor and manufacturer, Frederick Wratten founded one of the first photographic supply businesses, Wratten and Wainwright in 1878. Wratten and Wainwright manufactured and sold collodion glass plates and gelatin dry plates.
In 1878, Wratten invented the "noodling process" of silver-bromide gelatin emulsions before washing. In 1906, Wratten with the assistance of Dr. C.E. Kenneth Mees (E.C.K Mees) invented and produced the first panchromatic plates in England. Wratten is best known for the photographic filters that he invented and are still named after him - Wratten Filters. Eastman Kodak purchased his company in 1912.
History Continues With Part Two: Improving Films and Prints
©Mary Bellis
From Mary Bellis,
Your Guide to Inventors.
FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!
Important disclaimer information about this About site.
Related Articles
Timeline - History of Photography - History of the Came...Invention of the Phonograph and the CameraHistory of the Digital CameraThe Development of 35mm PhotographyFamous Inventions and the History Behind Them - P
Sponsored Links
75 Hotels in Paros - CRCFinest choice of accommodations The specialist for Cyclades/Paroswww.visit-cyclades.com
World Of CameraGet Complete Links To Camera And Photography. Absolutely Free!bestphotography.org
British Prime MinistersSearch our databases for histories of past Prime Ministerswww.burkes-peerage.net
Pinhole Photo SuppliesPinhole cameras, books, pinholes, tutorial, gallery, world supplier.pinholeresource.com
History of the ATMExplore the unusual history of the Automated Teller Machine.www.atmmarketplace.com
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